Warning Signs from Underneath Your Vehicle

(JUBA) – A dark puddle beneath a vehicle is often the first sign of trouble many car owners in Juba notice. While it may seem minor at first, such leaks can quickly escalate into major mechanical problems if left unchecked. With vehicle maintenance costs rising and spare parts not always readily available in South Sudan, learning how to identify fluid leaks is crucial for preventing costly repairs and ensuring road safety.

The most common fluids that may leak from a vehicle include engine oil, transmission fluid, power steering fluid, coolant (antifreeze), brake fluid, windscreen washer fluid and fuel. Each of these fluids serves an essential function, and their loss can compromise vehicle performance or, in some cases, endanger lives.

To determine which fluid is leaking, car owners are advised to place a white piece of paper or cardboard under the vehicle overnight. By morning, the paper can reveal the fluid’s colour, texture and approximate origin, all key indicators that help identify the type of leak.

Engine oil is among the most frequent culprits. It appears brown to black and has a thick, greasy feel. In petrol engines, clean oil is typically amber brown, darkening as it ages. Diesel engine oil tends to appear darker even when fresh. The smell is usually smoky or burnt. Leaks generally originate under the engine near the front-centre of the car.

Transmission fluid is red or pink when new but may turn brown as it deteriorates. It has a smoother texture than engine oil and a slightly sweet scent. This fluid often leaks from beneath the gearbox area, located centrally or toward the rear of the engine bay.

Power steering fluid is usually red or light yellow. It feels oily but thinner than engine oil and may resemble transmission fluid, especially in vehicles where both systems use the same type. Leaks are commonly observed near the front corners of the engine bay, where the steering pump and hoses are located.

Coolant, also called antifreeze, is easily recognised by its bright colours—green, pink, red, blue, or orange. It has a sweet smell and a slimy, watery texture. Coolant often leaks from the radiator, water pump, or hoses, especially in South Sudan’s hot climate where overheating is common.

Brake fluid is one of the most critical substances in any vehicle. It is clear to light yellow, slick, and has a sharp chemical smell. Brake fluid leaks may be seen under the wheels or beneath the master cylinder near the engine firewall. A vehicle with a brake fluid leak may exhibit spongy or weak brakes, a dangerous condition requiring immediate attention.

Windscreen washer fluid is blue, green, or clear, and has a watery consistency. Though not hazardous, a leak can cause inconvenience. This fluid typically drips from under the front bumper, near the washer reservoir.

Fuel leaks, though less common, are extremely hazardous. Petrol or diesel is usually colourless or light yellow and carries a strong, unmistakable smell. Fuel can leak from anywhere along the line—from the tank at the rear to the injectors near the engine. Any suspected fuel leak should be treated as an emergency; the car should not be started and a qualified mechanic must be contacted immediately.

The table below summarises key features to help South Sudanese drivers quickly identify leaking fluids:

Vehicle Fluid Leak Identification Guide